Joe montana topps card value. But also know my lists like this usually include non-auto cards from years ago. Meaning, not only the most valuable Joe Montana cards, but those that are valuable for reasons other than being signed and autographed. ... 1. 1981 Topps Joe Montana RC #216 BGS 9.5. When you think valuable, you probably think rookie, and in the case of Joe Cool ...

How much is topps 1987 Joe Montana 4 worth? The average value of "topps 1987 Joe Montana 4" is $6.43. Sold comparables range in price from a low of $0.85 to a high of $28.00. Filters. Football Cards. Ended Recently. Sold. 1987 TOPPS FOOTBALL #4 RECORD BREAKER JOE MONTANA SAN FRANCISCO 49ERS AUTO!!! $21.45. Sold - 3 months ago. Comparable.

PSA Price Guide for 1982 Topps Football Card Values - Professional Sports Authenticator (PSA) ... Joe Montana (HOF) IA Shop with Affiliates: 489: 20+ 40-175-The official rookie card of Joe Montana is the 1981 Topps #216 card. This card, is in perfect, gem-mint copy condition, be it PSA or SGC 10, is typically worth between $40,000 and $50,000, on average. A lower graded copy can be found for a bit cheaper.

The biggest 30-day change Joe Montana cards are 2022 Mosaic Super Bowl MVPs - Genesis, 1983 Topps Record Breaker and 1990 Topps Base. Sports Card Investor is currently tracking 62 Joe Montana football cards. Joe Montana Football card price guide including 62 unique football cards from 37 individual football card sets. Cards. 1979-83 Coral-Lee Postcards #27-C Joe Montana. 1981 Holsum Discs #NNO Joe Montana. 1981 Topps #216 Joe Montana RC. 1982 Fleer Team Action #49 Giving Second Effort.Joe Montana actually has three cards in 1982 Topps, including a dual Passing Leaders card with Ken Anderson, as well as a card in the In Action subset. 1983 Topps Joe Montana #169 Buy on eBay. Marking a significant change in design, the 1983 Topps Joe Montana card cuts down considerably on the information provided on the card front.1) 1981 Topps Joe Montana Rookie Card #216. Source. (Sold at a Goldin Auction) Price: $103,200. Grade: BGS Mint 9.5. Card Number: #216. Taking the number 1 spot for the most valuable Joe Montana rookie cards is Montana’s only official rookie card. It’s the 1981 Topps RC that helped to raise the popularity of football cards in the …Joe Montana Football Card Price Guide. Joe Montana's football cards are available in at least 37 sets. Joe Montana's biggest 7-day price movers are 1983 Topps Record …Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for 1982 Topps - #489 Joe Montana at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products! Skip to main content. Shop by category. Shop by category ... item 2 Joe Montana 1982 Topps Football Card #489 Joe Montana 1982 Topps Football Card #489. $3.00.Joe Montana 1990 Topps All Pro Disclaimer Card #13 PSA 10 Gem Mint 49ers A17 [eBay] $51.00. Report It. 2021-04-26. 1990 TOPPS #13 JOE MONTANA HOF DISCLAIMER BACK PSA 10 A3060591-878 [eBay] $112.50. 2021-02-18. 1990 Topps Football Joe Montana #13 Disclaimer Back PSA 10 GEM MINT 49ERS [eBay] $129.99.1981 Topps #216 Joe Montana ( $64,580) The 1981 Topps #216 is arguably the most valuable football card of the 1980s, and it is also among the most valuable non-error, non-autographed football cards ever produced. This card pictures Montana throwing a football while wearing the 49ers' white jersey with red stripes on the sleeves.Get the best deal for Joe Montana Rookie Football Cards from the largest online selection at eBay.ca. | Browse our daily deals for even more savings! | Free shipping on many items! ... 1981 Topps #216 Joe Montana Rookie Card RC NrMt++++ Original Owner. C $266.99. 1981 Topps Joe Montana 216 Rookie Football Card NFL 49rs (5) ...Oct 15, 2023 · The price range was from $0.12 for 1991 Fleer #408 Joe Montana by Fleer from 1991 to $2599.99 for 1981 Topps #216 Joe Montana PSA authentic by Topps from 1981. The value of Joe Montana Football-Cards has been decreasing for about 0.0% in the past 30 days and decreasing for about -4.14% in the past year. The most traded Card of Joe Montana in ...

2013 Topps Magic #206 Joe Montana: $1.05: 2013 Topps Magic Mini #206 Joe Montana: $1.00: 2013 Topps Magic Mini Green Border #206 Joe Montana: $2.03: 2013 Topps Magic Mini Orange Border #206 Joe Montana: $1.50: 2013 Topps Mini 1959 Mini #46 Joe Montana: $2.53: 2013 Topps Museum Collection #56 Joe Montana: $2.03Pop 36 - 1982 Topps JOE MONTANA - IN ACTION Card #489 - PSA 10 GEM MINT Centered #489 [eBay] $1,299.95. 2021-07-26. 1982 Topps Joe Montana #489 Football Card PSA GEM MT 10 [eBay] $190.50. 2021-04-26. 1982 TOPPS #489 JOE MONTANA 49ERS HOF TOUGH PSA 10 A3060565-725 [eBay] $1,250.00. Joe Montana 1985 Topps Base #157 Price Guide. Joe Montana's football cards are available in at least 37 sets. Joe Montana's biggest 7-day price movers are 1991 Fleer Pro-Visions, 1988 Topps Base and 1982 Topps In Action. The biggest 30-day change Joe Montana cards are 1990 Topps Base, 2022 Mosaic Genesis and 1983 Topps Base.Any value shown for this card with this grade is an estimate based on sales we've found for other grades and the age of the card. This estimate is based on the card being PSA or BGS graded. ... More Photos of 1990 Topps Tiffany: Joe Montana, Roger Craig #515 Football Cards. Main Image . Joe Montana, Roger Craig prices (Football Cards 1990 Topps ...

Joe Montana Card Prices. Your search for Joe Montana returned too many results. Showing only 100 cards. Try a more specific search to refine the results. Learn how to search faster and find your cards easier. Try Searching with a Photo. You own: 0 / 100 items 0% Track your collection for free

1981 Topps 216 Joe Montana Signed Rookie Card PSA Auto Grade 10 RC 3 Inscription. New (Other) $3,599.99. haystackscalhoun75454 (3,435) 100%. or Best Offer.

Price History Joe Montana Autographed Cards Joe Montana Signed Rookie Card Most Expensive Signed Card Other Joe Montana Rookie Era Cards Frequently …1992 Topps Joe Montana Card #719 San Francisco 49ers NFL FOOTBALL CARD HOF MVP #719 [eBay] $2.97: Report It: 2023-06-15: JOE MONTANA # 719 TOPPS 1992 CARD 49ERS [eBay] $1.19: Report It: 2023-06-07: Joe Montana 1992 Topps #719 San Francisco 49ers HOF [eBay] $1.85: Report It: 2023-06-061993 Topps #200 Joe Montana Gold Nr Mt Mt First Card On Chiefs #200 [eBay] $4.99. Report It. 2023-06-22. JOE MONTANA 1993 TOPPS GOLD PARALLEL #200 $20.00 KANSAS CITY CHIEFS HALL OF FAME #50 [eBay] $2.13.1987 Topps Jerry Rice #115. Buy on eBay. The difference between the 1986 and 1987 Topps design is monumental and this is not necessarily a bad thing. The '87 style relies heavily on a white border and a split text box at the top. Budget collectors can easily find this early Jerry Rice card on the cheap.

Here we’ve listed the most watched 1981 Topps Joe Montana Rookie Cards, one of the hobby’s most valuable football cards. Joe Montana’s official rookie card is his 1981 …Get the best deals on Joe Montana Topps 216 when you shop the largest online selection at eBay.com. Free shipping on many items | Browse your favorite brands | affordable prices. ... 1964 TOPPS FOOTBALL CARD SINGLES COMPLETE YOUR SET PICK CHOOSE UPDATED 9/6. $1.59 to $129.99. Free shipping. 2023 Panini Chroncicles Draft Picks Football - PYC. $0 ...Collecting baseball cards has become one of the most valuable hobbies in America. The value of rare and unique cards keeps rising to a new streak. The rising demand for baseball cards has recorded a new high, estimated to be well above $6 m...1. 5301. Auth. $65.00. —. —. 19. 5302. Grades Prices 1982 TOPPS 488 JOE MONTANA ALL-PRO Average Prices Most Recent Prices Auth VG 3 VG - EX 4 EX 5 EX+ 5.5 EX - MT 6 NM 7 NM - MT 8 NM - MT+ 8.5 MINT 9 GEM - MT 10 0 200 400 600 800 Professional Sports Authenticator® AUCTION PRICES REALIZED.Features. Player/Athlete. Grade. Team. Condition. Price. Buying Format. All Filters. 1981 Topps #216 Joe Montana Rookie Card SGC 5.5. $71.00. 14 bids. $5.00 shipping. Ended. 1981 Topps - #216 Joe Montana (RC) ROOKIE - HOT HOT HOT! HOF. (5) $78.50. 13 bids. $5.85 shipping. Ended. 1981 Topps Joe Montana Rookie #216 SGC 3 (WI) $13.50. 14 bids.JOE MONTANA 1991 Pro Set #3 Football card1990 Player of the Year SF 49ers EX/NM #3 [eBay] $0.99. Report It. 2022-07-14. JOE MONTANA 49ers 1991 PRO SET Football Card #3 NM/MT [eBay] $1.50. Report It.Most Valuable Joe Montana Football Cards. PSA 6 1981 Topps Joe Montana RC value – $50. BGS 9.5 Joe Montana 1981 Topps rookie card value – $4,500. BGS 8.5 Joe Montana 1981 Topps rookie card value – $1,200. SGC 7.5 Near Mint Topps #216 Joe Montana rookie RC card value – $800. Joe Montana San Francisco 49ers …Cards. 1979-83 Coral-Lee Postcards #27-C Joe Montana. 1981 Holsum Discs #NNO Joe Montana. 1981 Topps #216 Joe Montana RC. 1982 Fleer Team Action #49 Giving Second Effort.1. 1981 Topps Joe Montana #216. The only Joe Montana rookie card on the list is the most valuable ‘Joe Cool’ trading card that you can collect. Although Montana entered the NFL in 1979, Topps ...1985 Topps #192 Passing Leaders Dan Marino Joe Montana $1.80 Trending at $2.00 eBay determines this price through a machine learned model of the product's sale prices within the last 90 days. Jul 16, 2023 · Most Valuable Joe Montana Football Cards. PSA 6 1981 Topps Joe Montana RC value – $50. BGS 9.5 Joe Montana 1981 Topps rookie card value – $4,500. BGS 8.5 Joe Montana 1981 Topps rookie card value – $1,200. SGC 7.5 Near Mint Topps #216 Joe Montana rookie RC card value – $800. Joe Montana San Francisco 49ers RC PSA 10. 1987 Topps #112 Joe Montana. Estimated PSA 10 Gem Mint Value: $175. In perhaps the strangest season in modern NFL history, "Montana Magic" was a reliable constant. A 24-day players' strike wiped out Week 3 of the 1987 NFL season, leading to an embarrassing three-week replacement player fiasco in Weeks 4 through 6.This is the “card” that upsets the 1981 Topps Montana applecart, and it really is a card, even thought it’s shaped kinda funny.. If you were a collector in the 1970s — especially if you collected baseball cards — or if you’ve done even a bit of studying about the issues of those days, then you’re probably already familiar with MSA cards, even if the name doesn’t sound familiar ...Amazon.com: joe montana cards. ... Joe Montana 1981 Topps Football Rookie Card RC #216 Graded PSA 5 60693016. $199.00 $ 199. 00. FREE delivery Mon, Oct 9 . Or fastest delivery Wed, Oct 4 . Only 1 left in stock - order soon. 2021 Panini Playoff #194 Joe Montana NM-MT San Francisco 49ers.1983 Topps. Joseph Clifford Montana, Jr. (June 11, 1956-) (QB) solidified his nickname at “Comeback Joe” in college as led the University of Notre Dame Fighting Irish to two come from behind wins to begin his college career and the 1978 and 1979 Cotton Bowl titles. Though he wasn’t the first string quarterback in South Bend, Montana threw ...1981 TOPPS JOE MONTANA RC Card #216 PSA 5 SAN FRANCISCO 49ers ex RC #216 [eBay] $119.99: Report It: 2023-10-04: 78881348 1981 Topps #216 Joe Montana RC …Joe Montana 1981 Topps Base #216 Price Guide. Joe Montana's football cards are available in at least 37 sets. Joe Montana's biggest 7-day price movers are 1991 Fleer Pro-Visions, 1988 Topps Base and 1982 Topps In Action. The biggest 30-day change Joe Montana cards are 1990 Topps Base, 2022 Mosaic Genesis and 1983 Topps Base.1990 Topps #1 Joe Montana Record Breaker. Estimated PSA 10 Value: $50. During Super Bowl XXIV, the San Francisco 49ers annihilated the Denver Broncos 55-10 in one of the most lopsided victories of all-time.

Sep 24, 2023 · 1991 Topps #73 Joe Montana. Estimated PSA 10 Value: $100. There is no question that 1991 was an absolute nightmare for Joe Montana and San Francisco 49ers fans. Trending: Best Terry Bradshaw Rookie Cards You should be able to find this card in good condition ( PSA 10) for under $50. Most Valuable Joe Montana Card The most valuable Joe Montana card is his 1981 Topps Joe Montana RC #216 as a PSA 10 grade sold on eBay for $60,000 on 5/24/2021.Joe Montana, Roger Craig [Disclaimer Back] prices (Football Cards 1990 Topps) are updated daily for each source listed above. The prices shown are the lowest prices available for Joe Montana, Roger Craig [Disclaimer Back] the last time we updated. Historic sales data are completed sales with a buyer and a seller agreeing on a price.1993 Topps #200 Joe Montana Gold Nr Mt Mt First Card On Chiefs #200 [eBay] $4.99. Report It. 2023-06-22. JOE MONTANA 1993 TOPPS GOLD PARALLEL #200 $20.00 KANSAS CITY CHIEFS HALL OF FAME #50 [eBay] $2.13.Joe Montana Card Prices. Your search for Joe Montana returned too many results. Showing only 100 cards. Try a more specific search to refine the results. Learn how to search faster and find your cards easier. Try Searching with a Photo. You own: 0 / 100 items 0% Track your collection for free1985 Topps. Joseph Clifford Montana, Jr. (June 11, 1956-) (QB) solidified his nickname at “Comeback Joe” in college as led the University of Notre Dame Fighting Irish to two come from behind wins to begin his college career and the 1978 and 1979 Cotton Bowl titles. Though he wasn’t the first string quarterback in South Bend, Montana threw ...

Prices for 1990 Pro Set Football Cards 1990 Pro Set card list & price guide. Ungraded & graded values for all '90 Pro Set Football Cards. Click on any card to see more graded card prices, historic prices, and past sales. Prices are updated daily based upon 1990 Pro Set listings that sold on eBay and our marketplace.item 2 1983 Topps Joe Montana Card #169 HOF San Francisco 49ers 1983 Topps Joe Montana Card #169 HOF San Francisco 49ers. $0.01 1 bid 1d 1h ... Good value. Good quality. Most relevant reviews. 5 out of 5 stars. by merrick1707 Jun 26, 2018. Great card. Great card. Verified purchase: Yes. Additional site navigation.In today’s digital age, staying connected is more important than ever. Whether it’s for work or personal use, having a reliable mobile network is essential. Sim card only deals have become increasingly popular among consumers looking for fl...Get the best deals on Topps Joe Montana Football 1990 Season Sports Trading Cards & Accessories when you shop the largest online selection at eBay.com. Free shipping on ... 1982 JOE MONTANA Football Card#488-TOPPS Set-HOF(49ers 1979)(MVP 1989 1990)NM/MT. $65.00. 0 bids. Free shipping. Ending Today at 8:35PM PDT 3h 10m. 1990 …1987 Topps Jerry Rice #115. Buy on eBay. The difference between the 1986 and 1987 Topps design is monumental and this is not necessarily a bad thing. The '87 style relies heavily on a white border and a split text box at the top. Budget collectors can easily find this early Jerry Rice card on the cheap.Joe Montana Rookie Card Value. The first thing most collectors ask is: how much is a Joe Montana rookie card worth? These days a Montana rookie card in a PSA 10 holder usually sell for around $15,000 or so. If you're lucky you can get one for a bit less than that but don't count on it.Have questions about the Capital One Venture X card? Check out the definitive answers to a host of FAQs about the Capital One Venture X card! We may be compensated when you click on product links, such as credit cards, from one or more of o...1989 Topps 49ERS TEAM JOE MONTANA on the run PSA 10 GEM MINT #6 Tough To Grade [eBay] $35.00. 2021-01-20. 1989 Topps JOE MONTANA on the Run 1988 49ers Team Stat Card #6 - PSA 10 GEM MINT [eBay] $33.20. No sales data for this card and grade.Joe Montana, Roger Craig [Disclaimer Back] prices (Football Cards 1990 Topps) are updated daily for each source listed above. The prices shown are the lowest prices available for Joe Montana, Roger Craig [Disclaimer Back] the last time we updated. Historic sales data are completed sales with a buyer and a seller agreeing on a price.Joe Montana 1991 Topps Stadium Club #327 San Francisco 49ers HOF #327 [eBay] $3.00: Report It: 2023-01-22 ... Any value shown for this card with this grade is an estimate based on sales we've found for other grades and the age of the card. This estimate is based on the card being PSA or BGS graded. ... Joe Montana prices (Football Cards 1991 ...Aug 24, 2022 · 1990 Score #1 Joe Montana. Estimated PSA 10 Value: $70. Joe Montana was one of the greatest quarterbacks who ever played and arguably the biggest star of the 1980s and early 1990s. When all was said and done, he'd end up winning 4 Super Bowls, 2 MVP awards and was named to 8 Pro Bowls over his legendary career. As a tribute to his stardom ... The most valuable card of 1985 Topps is currently 1985 Topps #24 Richard Dent PSA 10 with a worth of approx. $7,200.00. The most traded card of 1985 Topps in the past 30 days on eBay was for 1985 Topps #238 John Elway with 16 trades and an average price of $2.47. Other 1985 Topps cards to watch are: 1985 Topps #251 Warren Moon with a …Learn more about the Sportlots Football Card Values Guide. Joe Montana Football Trading Card Values. Card Description NM EX/NM EX VG GOOD; 1981 Topps #216 Joe Montana: $125.53: $75.53: $80.53: $45.53: ... 1994 Topps #520 Joe Montana: $0.63: 1994 Topps Special Effects #520 Joe Montana: $6.43: 1994 Ultra Achievement Awards #4 …2021-10-05. 1987 Topps Box Bottoms Set Break #H Joe Montana Hand Cut PSA 8 NM-MT [eBay] $300.00. Sale Date . Title . Price. 2023-02-02. 1987 Topps Football Joe Montana #H Box Bottoms PSA 9 Mint Hand Cut SCRATCH FREE [eBay] $399.99.Sep 27, 2023 · Best Answer. Copy. 1989 Topps Joe Montana card number 12 A 1989 Topps Joe Montana card number 12 has a book value of about $2.00 in Near Mint - Mint condition. Professionally graded cards will sell for more. Condition is important. Common flaws with football cards include: rounded edges, creases, off centered, and faded color. May 25, 2023 · Joe Montana 1981 Topps Rookie PSA 10 – $114,000. Image credit: CardLadder. Finally we come to the most expensive Joe Montana card ever sold, and it's one of the most iconic football cards of all ... 1981 Topps Joe Montana RC #216. It's extremely rare for players of the modern era to have a single rookie card, but that's the case with Joe Montana. The 1981 Topps #216 is Montana's only rookie card. The confident-looking youngster displays that classic arm position, albeit in a posed photo, with his now legendary #16 prominently centered on ...

2021-10-05. 1987 Topps Box Bottoms Set Break #H Joe Montana Hand Cut PSA 8 NM-MT [eBay] $300.00. Sale Date . Title . Price. 2023-02-02. 1987 Topps Football Joe Montana #H Box Bottoms PSA 9 Mint Hand Cut SCRATCH FREE [eBay] $399.99.

PSA Price Guide for 1982 Topps Football Card Values - Professional Sports Authenticator (PSA) Professional Sports Authenticator (PSA) & PSA/DNA Authentication Services. Services . ... Joe Montana (HOF) Shop with Affiliates: 488: 100+ 150+ 900+ Joe Montana (HOF) IA Shop with Affiliates: 489: 20+ 40-

This is the “card” that upsets the 1981 Topps Montana applecart, and it really is a card, even thought it’s shaped kinda funny.. If you were a collector in the 1970s — especially if you collected baseball cards — or if you’ve done even a bit of studying about the issues of those days, then you’re probably already familiar with MSA cards, even if the name doesn’t sound familiar ...1981 Topps Joe Montana Rookie Card RC #216 PSA 2 49ers GOOD [eBay] $60.00: Report It: 2022-12-19: 1981 Topps Joe Montana Rookie Card RC #216 PSA 2 49ers GOOD [eBay] $65.16: Report It: 2022-10-02: 1981 Topps Joe Montana Rookie Card RC #216 PSA 2 49ers GOOD L914 [eBay] $58.02: Report It: 2022-09-081981 Topps 216 Joe Montana Signed Rookie Card PSA Auto Grade 10 RC 3 Inscription. New (Other) $3,599.99. haystackscalhoun75454 (3,435) 100%. or Best Offer.We've picked up great Chase Sapphire Reserve value the past few years, but things have changed. Here's what it's worth to us now. Increased Offer! Hilton No Annual Fee 70K + Free Night Cert Offer! Like many things in our hobby, my wife and ...1982 Topps #488 Joe Montana. Estimated PSA 10 Gem Mint Value: $850. Coming off a breakout 1981 campaign that saw him throw for 3,565 yards and 19 touchdowns en route to his first Super Bowl ring, Joe Montana looked to keep the momentum going into the 1982 season. Unfortunately, the 49ers just couldn't seem to …1981 Topps Joe Montana RC #216. It's extremely rare for players of the modern era to have a single rookie card, but that's the case with Joe Montana. The 1981 Topps #216 is Montana's only rookie card. The confident-looking youngster displays that classic arm position, albeit in a posed photo, with his now legendary #16 prominently centered on ...Football Card Values. 1983 Topps. 1983 Topps. PRICES POP APR FACTS REGISTRY SHOP WITH AFFILIATES. Description. Card Number. NM-MT 8. MT 9. GEM-MT 10.

dcb107 vs dcb112 vs dcb1151v1 16 playerskansas football coach fatarthropod with long tail Joe montana topps card value behavior consequence chart [email protected] & Mobile Support 1-888-750-8024 Domestic Sales 1-800-221-8632 International Sales 1-800-241-5677 Packages 1-800-800-9114 Representatives 1-800-323-7891 Assistance 1-404-209-9136. 1984 Topps #358 Joe Montana. Estimated PSA 10 Value: $325. Montana was as prolific as ever during the 1984 season, leading the 49ers to a 14-1 record while turning in his second-highest single-season totals for touchdown passes (28) and quarterback rating (102.9).. watch guardians of the galaxy 3 online free 123movies item 6 JOE MONTANA 1982 TOPPS FOOTBALL CARD #488 2ND YEAR EX--MINT 49ERS JOE MONTANA 1982 TOPPS FOOTBALL CARD #488 2ND YEAR ... Good value. Good quality. Most ... Joe Montana's football cards are available in at least 37 sets. Joe Montana's biggest 7-day price movers are 1985 Topps Base, 1986 Topps Base and 1983 Topps Base. The biggest 30-day change Joe Montana cards are 1990 Topps Base, 1987 Topps Base and 2019 Optic Downtown. Sports Card Investor is currently tracking 62 Joe Montana football cards. hope brownbarney riding in barney's car vhs Joe Montana has four Super Bowl rings, which he earned while playing for the San Francisco 49ers. In addition to getting four rings, Joe Montana was named Most Valuable Player for Super Bowl XVI, XIX and XXIV. kansas state university tuition per semesterboat trader cape coral New Customers Can Take an Extra 30% off. There are a wide variety of options. Price Guide Pop Report. Auction Prices ... Football Cards; 1981 TOPPS; Joe Montana; Prices By Grade; Joe Montana #216 . Joe Montana #216 . 6,509. Sales Any value shown for this card with this grade is an estimate based on sales we've found for other grades and the age of the card. This estimate is based on the card being PSA or BGS graded. ... More Photos of 1990 Topps Tiffany: Joe Montana, Roger Craig #515 Football Cards. Main Image . Joe Montana, Roger Craig prices (Football Cards 1990 Topps ...Are you a Pokemon fan who has been collecting cards for years? Have you ever wondered how much your cards are worth? Knowing the value of your Pokemon cards can help you make informed decisions when it comes to trading, selling, or buying.